Canada: Licensed Natural Health Products Database
Cranberry
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Archived version: FOR COMPARISON PURPOSES ONLY. DO NOT CITE.
Date: December 14, 2007
Proper name(s): Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton (Ericaceae) (USDA 2007)
Common name(s): Cranberry, American cranberry, Large cranberry (McGuffin et al. 2000; Wiersema and Léon 1999)
Source material(s): Fruit juice (Stothers 2002; Upton 2002; Siciliano 1996)
Route(s) of administration: Oral
Dosage form(s): Those pharmaceutical dosage forms suited to oral administration, including but not limited to chewables (e.g. gummies, tablets), caplets, capsules, strips, lozenges, powders or liquids where the dose is measured in drops, teaspoons or tablespoons, are acceptable. This monograph is not intended to include food-like dosage forms such as bars, chewing gums or beverages.
Use(s) or Purpose(s): Statement(s) to the effect of:
Traditionally used in Herbal Medicine to help prevent recurrent urinary tract infections (Bruyère 2006; Foster and Tyler 1999; Siciliano 1996).
Helps to prevent recurrent urinary tract infections (Di Martino et al. 2006; Stothers 2002; Walker et al. 1997; Avorn et al. 1994; Gibson et al. 1991; Sobota 1984).
Dose(s):
Liquid juice concentrate: equivalent to 120-750 ml per day (preparation must contain at least 30% fruit juice) (Stothers 2002; Avorn et al. 1994; Gibson et al. 1991)
Dried juice preparation: 400-1200 mg per day (Mills and Bone 2005; Upton 2002; Walker et al. 1997; Yarnell 1997)
Duration of use: Use for a minimum of 4 weeks to see beneficial effects (Jepson et al. 2004; Blumenthal et al. 2003; Walker et al. 1997; Avorn et al. 1994; Gibson et al. 1991).
Risk information: Statement(s) to the effect of:
Caution(s) and warning(s):
Consult a health care practitioner prior to use if you have a history of kidney stones (Gettman et al. 2005; Terris et al. 2001).
Consult a health care practitioner prior to use if you are taking blood thinners (Aston et al. 2006; Brinker 2007; Rindone and Murphy 2005; Grant 2004).
Consult a health care practitioner if symptoms persist or worsen.
Contraindication(s): No statement required.
Known adverse reaction(s): No statement required.
Non-medicinal ingredients: Must be chosen from the current NHPD List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients and must meet the limitations outlined in the list.
Specifications: Must comply with the minimum specifications outlined in the current NHPD Compendium of Monographs.
References cited:
Aston JL, Lodolce AE, Shapiro NL. Interaction between warfarin and cranberry juice. Pharmacotherapy 2006;26(9):1314-1319.
Avorn J, Monane M, Gurwitz JH, Glynn RJ, Choodnovskiy I, Lipsitz LA. Reduction of bacteriuria and pyuria after ingestion of cranberry juice. Journal of the American Medical Association 1994;271(10):751-754.
Blumenthal M, Hall T, Goldberg A, Kunz T, Kinda K, editors. The ABC Clinical Guide to Herbs. Austin (TX): American Botanical Council; 2003.
Brinker F. Online Updates and Additions to Herb Contraindications & Drug Interactions. 3rd edition. Sandy (OR): Eclectic Medical Publications; 2007. [Accessed 2007-12-04]. Available at: http://www.eclecticherb.com/emp/updatesHCDI.html.
Bruyère F. Utilisation de la canneberge dans les infections urinaires récidivantes. Médecine et maladies infectieuses 2006;36(7):358-363.
Di Martino P, Agniel R, David K, Templer C, Gaillard JL, Denys P, Botto H. Reduction of Escherichia coli adherence to uroepithelial bladder cells after consumption of cranberry juice: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled cross-over trial. World of Urology 2006;24(1):21-27.
Foster S, Tyler VE. Tyler’s Honest Herbal: A Sensible Guide to the Use of Herbs and Related Remedies. 4th edition. Binghamton (NY): Haworth Herbal Press; 1999.
Gettman MT, Ogan K, Brinkley LJ, Adams-Huet B, Pak CYC, Pearle MS. Effect of cranberry juice consumption on urinary stone risk factors. Journal of Urology 2005;174(2):590-594.
Gibson L, Pike L, Kilbourn JP. Clinical study: Effectiveness of cranberry juice in preventing urinary tract infections in Long-Term Care Facility patients. Journal of Naturopathic Medicine 1991;2(1):45-47.
Grant P. Warfarin and cranberry juice: an interaction? Journal of Heart Valve Disease 2004;13(1):25-26.
Jepson RG, Milhaljevic L, Craig J. Cranberries for preventing urinary tract infections (Review). The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD001321.pub3. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001321.pub3.; 2004.
McGuffin M, Kartesz JT, Leung AY, Tucker AO, editors. Herbs of Commerce. 2nd edition. Silver Spring (MD): American Herbal Products Association; 2000.
Mills S, Bone K. The Essential Guide to Herbal Safety. St Louis (MI): Elsevier Inc.; 2005.
Rindone JP, Murphy TW. Warfarin-cranberry juice interaction resulting in profound hypoprothrombinemia and bleeding. American Journal of Therapeutics 2005:13(3):283-284.
Siciliano A. Cranberry. Herbalgram 1996;38:51-54.
Sobota AE. Inhibition of bacterial adherence by cranberry juice: potential use for the treatment of urinary tract infections. Journal of Urology 1984;131(5):1013-1016.
Stothers L. A randomized trial to evaluate effectiveness and cost effectiveness of naturopathic cranberry products as prophylaxis against urinary tract infection in women. Canadian Journal of Urology 2002;9(3):1558-1562.
Terris MK, Issa MM, Tacker JR. Dietary supplementation with cranberry concentrate tablets may increase the risk of nephrolithiasis. Urology 2001;57(1):26-29.
Upton R, editor. American Herbal Pharmacopoeia and Therapeutic Compendium: Cranberry Fruit (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) – Standards of Analysis, Quality Control, and Therapeutics. Santa Cruz (CA): American Herbal Pharmacopoeia; 2002.
USDA 2007: ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville (MD). [Accessed 2007-12-04]. Available at: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl.
Walker EB, Barney DP, Mickelsen JN, Walton RJ, Mickelsen RA. Cranberry concentrate: UTI prophylaxis. Journal of Family Practice 1997;45(2):167-168.
Wiersema J, Léon B. World Economic Plants: A Standard Reference. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press LLC; 1999.
Yarnell E. Botanical medicine for cystitis. Alternative Complementary Therapy 1997;269-275.
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Single Ingredient Monographs
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